Elastic-fluid turbine.



No. 746,938. PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903.-

w. L. R. B MET.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED 1330.3, 1902.

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W'Unesses: I I lnveht'orz fi William Lfiiifnmefi.

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No. 746,938. PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903.

W. L. R. EMMET.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED mm. s 1902.

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H0 MODEL.

\ v'finesses i I nvenC'or'z W William L.R.Emmet,

PATENTEHDEG. 15, 1903.

w. L. R.- BMMET.

ELASTIC 31.11111 TURBINE.

I A'PPLIUATION PILED DEC. 3, 1902.

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K0 MODEL.

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i William LR. Emma l5,

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PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903.

w. L. R..- EMMBT. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED D120. 3, 1902.

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Wifinesses: In 6 g m William L.R.

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PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903.

W. L. R. BMMET. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE;

APPLIGATIQN FILED D30. 3, 1902.

B SEBETSSHBET 6.

K0 MODEL.

lnvenEor: \A/I'Hiam Emme pm;

Hesse? f f PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903.

W. L. R. EMMET. I ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 3, 1902.

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N0 MODEL.

Wg'bngsses U TED STATES;

Patented December 15, 1903.

PATENT IOFFICE.

WILLIAM L. R. EM ET, or SOHENEOTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GEN- ERALELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION on NEW YORK.

ELASTlC-FLUlD TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 746,938, datedDecember 15, 1903. Application filed December 3, 1902. Serial No.133,679. (No model.)

T0 on whom it may concern:

Be it known that L'WILLIAJML. R. EMMET,

a citizen oi" the United States, residing at Schenectady, county ofSchenectady, State of 5 New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Elastic-Fluid Turblues, of which the following is aspecifica-1 tion.

The present invention relates to elasticro fluid turbines, and has forits object to im-' prove and simplify their construction;

For a consideration of what I consider to be novel and of my inventionattention is' called to the'acoompanying description and the claimsappended thereto.

In the accompanying drawings, which rep resent an embodiment of myinvention, Fig-. ure 1 is an elevation, partly insection, of anelastic-fluid turbine. Fig. 2 .is a partial horizontal section. Fig. 3is a partial vertical section. Fig. eiis a-pers-pective detail: viewshowing one of the supports for the in-i termediates for the secondstage. -Fig. dis? a detail view showing the relation between. theintermediates of the first stage and the bucket-wheel. Fig. 6 is a planview showing the condenser-chamber. Fig. 7 is a developed section of apart of the nozzle-sections and bucket-s of'the second stage, and Fig. 8is an enlarged view of one of the automatic valves for cutting anozzle-section into or out of service.

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 represents the base or bed plate of the machine,which is adapt-' ed to be placed on a masonry foundation and is providedon its upper surface with a shoulder 2, that is adapted to receive the:base of the condenser-chamber 3; It is also provided with a finishedsurface 4., which as- 0 sists in sustaining the central part of thecondenser-chamber and is located adjacent to the step-bearing, whichsupports the main driving-shaft of the turbine. A central opening 5,which is somewhat larger than the greatest external diameter of thestep-bearing, is also provided, so that the bearing can be removedwithout in any way interfering with the base. The condenser-chamber 3 isprovided with finished under surfaces that engage with the surfaces 2and 4 of the base.

ceive the segmental casing-ring 10, while the shoulder 13 engages withthe ring 14., that by the fluid in the first stage and is strengthablepacking 17, that prevents the motive stage at this point.

It is also provided with a plurality of radiallyextendingstrengthening-ribs 6. Extending outwardly from the condenser-chamber isa connection '7, that leads to the condenser proper. It extends theentire width of the condenser-chamber and affords an unrestrictedpassage'for the steam or other elastic fluid employed to drive theturbine. It also afifords an opening by means of which a man can getinto the casing for the purpose of inspection or repair; The connectionis provided at its end with a flange 8, by means of which it can bebolted to a corresponding flange on the condenser or on a conduitleading thereto. The upper end of the condenser-chamber is faced 01ftrue and is provided with a shoulder 9, arranged to receive he segmentalring 10, that forms a part of 'he casing for a low-pressure stage.present illustration the condenser-chamber In the supports the secondstage. Situated above the segmental ring 10 is a diaphragm 1 1,which isprovided with lower and upper shoulders 12 and 13. The shoulder 12 isadapted to reforms a part of the casing of the first stage. Thediaphragm is arched, as shown in Fig. 1, in order to resist the pressureexerted on it ened by radially-extending ribs 15 and by webs 16, thatconnect the ribs. The pressure on the diaphragm will vary somewhat fordifferent turbines. In the one shown the pressure is due to thedifference between atmosphere and the vacuum due to the condenser. Thediaphragm is provided with a central hub, through which the main shaftextends, and between it and the main shaft is asnitfluid from passingfrom the first to the. second The diaphragm is provided with a pluralityof openings 18, which are preferably, although not necessarily, spacedequidistant. Bolted to the diaphragm under these openings are nozzles19, preferably of the expanding type. These nozzles are made in sectionsand so arranged that they can be removed from the under side of thediaphragm by removing the bolts 21.

In turbines of the jet type it is necessary to provide intermediatebucketssuch as 22,,

for examplefor the purpose of reversing the direction of motive fluidreceived from the adjacent moving buckets 25 and delivering it to thesucceeding bucket in the proper direction. In the first stage theintermediate buckets occupy only a relatively small amount of the totalangular space around the wheel; but in the second stage, where a greatervolume of motive fluid has to be handled, it

termediate or stationary buckets due to the increased are covered bythem is more than compensated for by the fact that the Working passagesare not so deep.

In order to remove the intermediate buckets, whether for the purpose ofinspection or repair or for the purpose of inspecting or repairing thebucket-wheel 26 of the second stage, the ring-like casing 10 is made insections. that the moving and stationary buckets inten-lock. Thesections are bolted together and also to the diaphragm above them and tothe casing of the condenser-chamber beneath. By removing the bolts opesection or another can be removed by moving it outward in a radialdirection from the center of the main shaft, and this without in any waydisturbing the position of the other parts. Another reason for makingthis casing in sections is that with a machine of the size illustratednamely, five thousand kilowattsit becomes inconvenient to remove thegenerator and the casing for the first stage, its wheel and diaphragm,when it becomes necessary to get at the second-stage intermediates orthe second-stage nozzles. It is also impractical to make large openingsin a continuous ring and remove the intermediates in the manner to behereinafter described in connection with the first stage because of thestrain thereon and the great weight of the parts of the machine situatedabove it. The number of sections of which the low pressure casing iscomposed varies with the size of the turbine. In the presentillustration the sections weigh about a thousand pounds apiece. Forconvenience and simplicity of construction the bolts 12 are arranged topass through the sections of the casing of the second stagethediaphragmand into the casing or ring 14 of the first stage.

The casing for the first stage is preferably made in a continuous ringon account of simplicity of construction and reduction in the amount ofmachine-work required. It can,

however, be made the same as the casing for the second stage, ifdesired. It is provided with a plurality of detachable intermediatebucket-supports 30. These supports are mov- This is made necessary bythe fact able in a plane parallel with the drivingshaft for the purposeof adjusting the clearances between the intermediate and the revolvingbuckets. Theyarenormallyclamped in place by bolts 31. .When it becomesnecessary to change the adjustment of the intermediate, the bolts 31 areloosened and the adjusting means 32 moved in the proper-direction toraise or lower the intermediates as a whole. The number of the sets ofintermediate'buckets can be varied to suit the requirements.

Bolted to the casing for the first stage is a fluid-carrying conduit 33,which is employed when the machine is running non-condensing. In a caseof this kind the nozzle-openings into the second stage would be cut outof service. Mounted on the main shaft 34 of the machine is abucket-Wheel 35 for the first stage. This is so situated with respect tothe intermediates that motive fluid will be directed against its bucketsin the proper manner. Situatedabove thefirst-stagewheel is a cover 36 ofsuitable construction. It conforms closely to the shape of the wheel 35in order to reduce the size of the chamber between it and the Wheel andis strengthened by radially-extending ribs 37 and webs 38, that connectthe ribs. In the center is an opening to receive the shaft 34, and theescape of motive fluid from the upper side of the wheel to theatmosphere is prevented by a packing 39. Near its periphery the cover isprovided with a plurality of openings that are arranged to receive thenozzle-supports 40. The openings and supports are preferably spacedequidistant, and the supports are seated on the cover and retained inplace by bolts. To the under side of each of these supports isdetachably secured a nozzle 41, that re ceives motive fluid from thesource of supply and after converting more or less of its pressure intovelocity delivers it to the buckets of the first wheel. Mounted in thesupports 40 are separately-actuated valves 42, that control the passageof motive fluid into the nozzle. The support 40 is also provided with aflange to which the fluid-carrying condnit-43 is bolted.

44 represents the lower part of the casing of a dynamo-electric machineand is provided with feet or supports 45, which rest on the uppersurface of the cover and are bolted thereto. In the openings formedbetween the feet or supports are situated the nozzle supports 40,together with the fluid-controlling valves 42.

It will be noted that the casing 14 of the first stage engages directlywith the diaphragm 11 and that the casing of the second stage engagesdirectly with the under side of said diaphragm. By reason of thisconstruction a chamber46 is provided, into which the motive fluid fromthe buckets of the first stage is discharged. The fluid is collected inthis chamber and the pressure of the several streams equalized and thendelivered to the second-stage nozzles, where'the pressure is againconverted wholly or partially into velocity and delivered to the bucketsof the second stage.

It is my intention to govern the turbine by controlling the supply ofmotive fluid to the several sets of sectionalized nozzles in the firststage and to permit the fluid to flow freely into the second stagewithout attempting to control it at this point. In order, however, toobtain the proper relation between the nozzles of the first and secondstages or between any two sets of nozzles where more than two stages areemployed, valves are provided of a character best shown in Figs. 2, 3,and 7. Each valve comprises a fla't plate 51, that is connected to ahandle 52, situatedoutside of the casing, where it can readily be .manipulated by an attendant. As shown, they are intended to be pushed inwardtoward the center when it is desired to uncover the opening 18; but thisparticular arrangement is unessential, the important thing being tocover and uncover the openings into the secondstage nozzles by amanually-actuated device at will. It is also necessary to have somemeans for cutting 0d the second-stage nozzles when it is desired to runthe turbine noncondensing.

The particular machine in question is designed to receive motive fluidfrom the boiler at one hundred and sixty-five pounds absolute pressure,which pressure is largely converted into velocity in the first-stagenozzles, and the velocity is abstracted by the buckets. The pressure inthe intermediate chamber 46 is about sixteen pounds absolute, and whenthe machine is in operation the ditterence in pressure between this andthat due to the condenser is wholly or largely converted into velocityand the velocity abstracted by the buckets of the second stage. Ido notwish, however, to be understood as limiting myself to this or any otherpressure.

It is desirable to remove all of the water of condensation from theturbine-casing in order to prevent its reconversion into vapor at theexpense of considerable energy, and to do this a deflector 53 isprovided,-which is best shown in Fig. 3. It is situated between theinner wall of the second-stage casing and the second-stage valves 50. Asthe water is projected outward from the first-stage wheel, due to itscentrifugal action, it strikes the wall and flows downward between itand the deflector. The water which drops from the intermediate bucketsis also caught. The diaphragm is provided with a channel 54, whichcommunicates with the space between the deflector and the wall of thecasing. The channel 54 is connected with a passage 55, that communicateswith the interior of the condenser-chamber through the spaces orpassages 55, formed back'of the intermediate bucket-support, Fig. 4. Inthis manner the water is conveyed or shunted around the intermediatebuckets. The channel and passage'are preferably located ata point orpoints between the valves of the second stage. The passage of water intothe condenser-chamber is controlled by means of the valve 56, that isactuated from the outside of the casing.

It will be clearly seen from Fig. 3 that the diaphragm 11 is providedwith lower and upper shoulders 12 and 13. These shoulders engage withthe casings for the first and second stages and tend to resist theoutward movement of the diaphragm when it is subjected to great pressureby reason of the motive fluid in the chamber 46.

In Fig. 4 is shown a section of the casing of the second stage. The onein the present illustration represents one-sixth of the total casing,but the number of these sections can be varied as desired. Each sectionis provided with a top and bottom flange 56*, which is suitably machinedin order to make a tight fit with the diaphragm and the casing of thecondenser-chamber 3. It is also provided with end flanges 57, which areproperly faced to make a tight joint with adjacent sections. Onthe'inside of each section is a projection 58, that is provided with abeveled surface 59, to which the sections 60'of the intermediates arebolted. By makingthe casing in sections it is possible to do themachine-work on a relatively small machine and to assemble the sectionsafterward. The buckets are formed integral with the metal strip 60 andthe strips are secured to the projection on the casing-section by screwsor bolts.

In Fig. 5 is shown a section of the first-stage casing 14:, togetherwith the detachable snpport 30 for the intermediates. It will beobserved that the intermediates extend only a portion of the way aroundthe wheel and that the support is bolted to the casing from the outside.The rows of intermediate buckets are situated between the rows ofrotating buckets that are carried by the wheel. The intermediate bucketsare bolted to the stationary support 30, and the wheel-buckets arebolted to the wheel. interior of the casing may be inspected forobserving the relation between the moving and the stationary buckets,the support 30 is provided with openings having detachable covers 30?.The openings are so related with respect to the parts that theclearances between buckets can readily be seen. This is of importance inadjusting the intermediates.

Referring to Fig.1, the main shaft 34 is provided with a step-bearing61. The bearing as a whole is inclosed in acasing 62, that extends intothe-condenser-chamber and is detachable from underneath. It is retainedin place by bolts 63. The lower end of the bearing is supported by ablock '64, that is bolted to the under side of the casing'62. Theparticular construction of this bearing is not claimed herein, but formsthe subjectmatter of a separate application.

In Fig. 6 is shown a plan view of the easing containing thecondenser-chamber. The

In order that the upper end of the casing is provided with a flange anda shoulder 9, the latter engaging with the sectional second-stagecasing. The flange is provided with bolt-holes to receive the bolts thatsecure the sectional casing to it. In the illustration only a few ofthese holes are shown; but it is to be understood that they extendentirely around the flange. The flange 8 on the projections 7 is alsoprovided with holes for receiving bolts, the latter being employed tosecure a condenser or a conduit to the condenser-casing.

Fig. 7 shows on a somewhat'enlarged scale the motive parts for thesecond stage. The valves 50 are each provided with a flat under surfacethat engages with a corresponding surface on the diaphragm 11. Thevalves are actuated by means of handles 52, that extend outside of thecasing, suitable nuts being employed to secure the handles to thevalves. A considerable difference in pressure exists between the upperand under side of these valves, and in order to reduce the amount oflabor necessary to actuate them to a minimum I make the passages oropenings 18 as small as possible consistent with the amount of motivefluid which is to pass through them. The openings are in directcommunication with subsidiary chambers66,

which rapidly enlarge as they recede from the opening. Each chamberdelivers motive fluid to a plurality of nozzle openings or passages 67.In the present illustration four passages are provided for each chamber.The ends of the nozzle-partitions 68 do not extend quite to the line ofdivision between the nozzle-section and the diaphragm. This is done inorder to increase the size of the chamber 66. This chamber distributesthe motive fluid to the several nozzle sections or passages andequalizes the pressure between them. Each of the nozzle-sections expandsfrom the throat 69 to the end,and this expansion causes the pressure ofthe motive fluid to be converted into m's m'va or velocity. The chambersare divided into groups of two and separated from each other by a wall 70. The nozzle-sections are bolted to the under side of the diaphragm, asis clearly shown in Fig. l. The nozzle structure is itself divided intosections, each section in the present embodiment of my invention beingprovided with eight nozzle-openings; but the number can be varied, asdesired. The are covered by a nozzle-section is preferably less thanthat covered by a casing-section, so that the nozzle can be removed. Twochambers 66 are provided for each nozzle-section, and the end of onesection overlaps that of an adjacent section. Between the sections is asmall dead-space 71; but so closely are the sections associated thatthis can be disregarded in so far as the delivery of fluid to the wheelis concerned. The space 71 is made large enough to cause an equalizationof the pressures on the wheelfaces. This space is also in communicationwith the space 55", formed in the back of the support for theintermediate buckets, Fig. 4. This avoids making holes in the wheel webor casings. Situated in front of the nozzles are wheel-buckets 25 andintermediate buckets 22. For the purpose of illustration only a limitednumber of buckets are shown; but it is to be understood that thewheel-buckets extend entirely around the circumference of the wheel, andthe intermediate buckets extend entirely or substantially around thewheel and between its rows of buckets.

Referring to Fig. 8, 42 represents one of the automatic valves whichcontrols the passage of fluid from the chamber 75 in the steam-chest tothe passage 76, leading to a nozzle-section. The valve is attached to apiston 77, working in a cylinder formed in the chest. A spring 78 isprovided, which tends at all times to close the nozzle-valve 42. Themovements of the nozzle-valve are controlled by a secondary valve 79,which is under the control of an electromagnet 80. The latter valve isdouble-acting and is arranged to engage seats situated above and belowit. The valve-stem is elongated and at its upper end is provided with anenlargement or mass of magnetic material forming an armature which isacted upon by the magnet. The secondary valve is supported in anon-magnetic structure 82, the object of this arrangement being toinsure the passage of the magnetic flux through the enlargement orarmature 81. The magnet is provided with a core 83 and pole-pieces 84,which present their ends to the armature 81. Situated between thearmature and the ends of the pole-pieces and the core is a plate ofnon-magnetic material 85, the object of this plate being to prevent themotive fluid from escaping and also to prevent the armature and core andpole-pieces from sticking. The electromagnet in the present figure issupposed to be energized and the secondary valve 79 is in the raisedposition, which cuts off the supply of motive fluid from the port 87 tothe back of the piston, and the conditions are such that thenozzle-valve 42 will open, because the space back of the piston has beenopened to the exhaust-pipe 86, and thearea of the piston is greater thanthat of the nozzle-valve. When the valve isopen and it is desired toclose it, the electromagnet is denergized, which permits the secondaryvalve 79 to drop by gravity or its equivalent and close the port leadingto the exhaust, at the same time moving away from its seat on thehigh-pres sure side, and steam from the chest will pass through the port87 and fill the space back of the piston. In this position the pressureson opposite sides of the piston and valve are balanced and the spring 78starts the valve into motion. As the nozzle -valve 42 approaches itsseat the pressures are no longer balanced, owing to the lack of pressurein the conduit 76, and the valve quickly closes. The invention isdescribed in connection with a vertical turbine; but obviously the IIOfeatures of novelty set forth can with advantage be used with othertypes of machines.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I havedescribed the principle of operation of my'invention, together with theapparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof;but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is onlyillustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is

1. In a turbine,the combination of a bucketwheel, a casin g thereforcomprising'a number of sections, the line of division being parallel tothe wheel-axis, a support to which the sections are secured, and adiaphragm which is seated on more than one of the sections.

2. In a turbine,the combination ofa bucketwheel, a casing thereforcomprising a plurality of sections, each of which is removable radially,means for securing the parts of the.

casing together, and cylindrical supports to which opposite sides of thesections are socured.

3. In a turbine, the combination of a bucket wheel, a casing whichsurrounds the wheel and is composed of sections that are radiallydetachable, and means separable from the casing for closing in the sidesof the wheel.

at. Inaturbine,the combination ofabucket wheel, a sectional casingtherefor, each of said sections being provided with aprojection, andintermediate buckets which are secured to the projections.

5. In a turbine, the combination of a bucketwheel, a sectional casingwhich is divided in radial planes, means for securing the sectionstogether, and projections on the sections for supporting theintermediates which have surfaces inclined in the direction of theexhaust,

supports the sections of the casing, and an extension on said casing towhich a conduit may be connected.

8. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combina tion of a base that isarranged to be mounted on a foundation, a casing mounted thereon whichis adapted to be connected to a condenser, a bucket-wheel that issituated above the casing, a sectional casing for the wheel that isbolted to the first-named casing, and

a cover for the wheel that is secured to the several sections of thewheel-casing.

9. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combinathe shoulder, means forsecuring the sections of the wheel-casing together, a cover for thewheel-casing which is provided with a shoulder that "engages with saidsections, and means for securing the sections tothe cover.

10. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a wheel, a casingtherefor, a second wheel which is separated from the first by adiaphragm, fluid passages or openings formed in the diaphragm, valvesfor covering and uncovering the passages or openings, a separatemanually-actuated means for moving each of the valves, and an expandingnozzle for each valve that is out into and out of service thereby.

11. In est-aged turbine, the combination of a casing and wheel for onestage, automatically-actuated valves for regulating the admission offluid to the wheel, a wheel and easing forasecond stage receiving motivefluid from the first, and independent manually-actuated valvesdistributed at different points within the casing for admitting motivefluid to a greater or less number of buckets in the second stage. I

12. In a jet type of turbine, the combination of a casing and wheel forone stage, nozzle-sections for admitting motive fluid to the wheel,intermediate buckets which cover a portion only of the wheel-buckets, asecond stage comprising a casing and bucket-wheel arranged to receivemotive fluid from the first stage,and intermediate buckets which extendcompletely around the wheel.

13. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the'combination of a casing and wheelfor one stage, a plurality of nozzles for delivering fluid to the wheel,intermediate buckets which cover a portion only of the wheel-buckets,valves for regulating the admission of fluid to the nozzles, a casingand wheel for a second stage, nozzles arranged to receive fluid from thefirst-mentioned wheel and deliver it to the second, intermediate bucketswhich cover all of the buckets of the second wheel, andmanually-actuated valves controllable from the outside of the turbinefor cutting the second set of nozzles into and out of service.

14:. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a first-stage wheelhaving a plurality of rows of buckets, a casing therefor, an expandingnozzle delivering fluid to a partonly of the buckets, sectionalintermediate buckets between the buckets on the wheel, a second-stagewheelthat is provided with a plurality of rows of buckets, a casin gtherefor, a diaphragm which separates the twp wheels and is subjected'tothe difference in pressure between the first and second stage,intermediate buckets between the rows of wheel-buckets, and passageswhich receive'motive fluid as it is discharged from the first wheel andde liver it to the buckets of the second stage.

15. In aturbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a casing comprisingdetachable sections which surrounds the wheel, the lines of divisionbeing parallel to the wheel-axis, a cover for the casing, and nozzleswhich are secured to the inside of the cover and are removable throughthe opening formed by detaching a section of the casing.

16. In aturbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a casing having adetachable section, a cover for the casing which is provided with afluid-passage, and a nozzle which is detachably secured to the inside ofthe coverand in line with the passage, the nozzle being removablethrough the opening formed by the detachable section of the casing.

17. In a turbine, thecombination of a casing composed of two principalparts, one of said parts being a continuous ring, the other being madeup of detachable sections, and a diaphragm that divides the casing into,compartments and is provided with shoulders on opposite sides whichengage with the parts of the casing.

18. In a turbine, the combination of a condenser-casing having a centralopening to receive a bearing, and a base for supporting the casing whichis provided with a central opening that registers with the opening inthe casing through which the bearing can be I removed. 7

19. In a turbine, the combination of a casing which is working underpressu re,a bucketwheel mounted in the casing, a passage leading fromthe casing through which the water of condensation is discharged due tothe pressure within the casing, a valve for controlling the fiow ofwater, and a condenser-casing which receives the exhaust from theturbine and also the water.

20. In a turbine, the combination of a casing which is divided intocompartments working under different pressures, a bucket-wheel for eachcompartinent,a passage leading from a higher-pressure compartment to alower whereby water may be blown into the latter, and a valve forcontrolling the passage of water.

21. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, abucket-wheel, intermediate buckets, and a deflector situated adjacent tothe wall of the casing which catches the water of condensation from thewheel.

22. In an elastic-fluid turbine,the combination of a casing, abucketwvheel, intermediate buckets situated between the rows ofwheelbuckets, a cylindrical deflector which is situated adjacent to thewall of the casing for 001- lecting the water due to condensation, andmeans for drawing the water from the casing.

23. In an elastic-fluid turhine,the combination of a casing having aninclined base, a water conveying passage formed therein, wheel andintermediate buckets, and a deflector having a cylindrical portion thatextends substantially parallel with the casingwall, and a second'portionthat extends substantially at right angles to the first.

24:. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel andits casing, a second wheel and its casing, a diaphragm which is commonto the two casings, fluid-passages in the diaphragm, chamberscommunicating with the passages, and sectionalized nozzles which aredetachably secured to the diaphragm and receive fluid from the chambers.

25. In a turbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a casing therefor,and nozzles arranged in sections for delivering fluid to the wheel, thenozzles of one section overlapping those of an adjacent section.

26. In a turbine, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a casing therefor,nozzles arranged in sections for discharging motive fluid tothe wheel atan angle to its plane of rotation, the nozzles of one sectionoverlapping those of a second section, and means for securing thenozzle-sections to the casing.

27. In an elastic-fluid turbine which is dividedinto stages, thecombination of a main chamber between stages, a subsidiary chamberreceiving motive fluid from the main chamber, a valve for regulating thepassage of fluid from one chamber to another, and a 'sectionalizedexpanding nozzle receiving its supply of fluid from the subsidiarychamber.

28. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a wall,fluid-carrying passages formed therein and arranged in groups, and anozzle which is divided into sections, each section receiving its supplyof fluid from one of said groups.

29. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a wall which issubject to different pressures on opposite sides, fluid-carryingpassages in said wall, a chamber openinginto each of the passages on thelow-pressure side of the wall, and a nozzle detachably secured to thewall and divided into sections, each section being arranged to receivefluid from more than a single chamber.

30. In a turbine, -the combination of a cas ing divided intosections, awall to which the sections are secured, a nozzle which is divided intosections, the nozzle-sections covering an are which is less than that ofthe casing-sections, and means for securing the nozzle-sections to thewall.

31. In a turbine, the combination of a stationary wall, a sectionalcasing secured to the wall, a wheel, and a sectional nozzle that is alsosecured to the wall.

32. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combina tion of a bucket-wheel andeasing, an automatic valve for regulating the admission of fluid to thewheel, a second bucket-wheel and easing receiving motive fluid from thefirst, and a plurality of separately-actuated valves which areindependentof the first for regulating the flow of motive fluid to thesecond wheel.

33. In an elastic-fluid turbine,the combination of a wheel havingbuckets thereon, a wheel-casing, a nozzle for delivering fluid to thewheel which is composed of a plurality IIO of sections, and passagesformed between the adjacent sections for equalizing the pressures on thewh eel-faces.

34. In an elastic-fl uid turbine,the combination of a bucket-wheel, acasing therefor, a nozzle which is composed of a number of separatesections, the sections being arranged to overlap, and fluid-carryingpassages formed between the overlapping ends of the nozzlesections forequalizing the pressure on the wheel-faces.

35. In an elastic-fluid turbine,the combina tion of a casing, abucket-wheel mounted therein, an intermediate, and a passage forconveying Water due to condensation from one side of the intermediate tothe other.

36. In an elastic-fluid turbine,the combination of a high-pressure stagecontaining a bucket-wheel,an adjacent lowpressure stage also containingabucket-wheel, a diaphragm between wheels, a passage for conveying thewater collected by the diaphragm outward beyond the bucket-wheels, andacontrollable means whereby the pressure within one stage is permittedto force the water therefrom into a lower-pressure stage.

37. In an elastic-fluid turbine,thecombination of a casing, a wheelhaving rows of buckets carried thereby, intermediate buckets whichextend entirely around the wheel, a passage located outside of theintermediate buckets, which tends to equalize the pressures on oppositefaces of the wheel, and a nozzle for discharging motive fluid againstthe Wheel-buckets.

38. In an elastic-fluid turbine,thecombination of a wheel having rowsofbuckets carried thereby, intermediate buckets which extend entirelyaround the Wheel, a. casing, a support for the intermediates which iscar ried by the casing, a fluid-carrying passage formed in the casingwhich tends to equalize the pressure on opposite faces of the wheel, anda nozzle for discharging the motive fluid against the wheel-buckets.

39. In a turbine, the combination of 2. casing comprising two principalparts, one of said parts being a continuous ring, the other being madeup of detachable segmental sections, the line of division betweensections being in axially extending planes, a diaphragm which dividesthe interior of the casing into compartments, and a shoulder between thecasing and the diaphragm for supporting the latter. 55

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 1st day of December,1902.

WILLIAM L. R. EMMET.

Witnesses EDWARD WILLIAMS, J r., HELEN OBFORD.

